An Analysis of the Geography of Witchcraft

Benjamin C. Ray wrote â€Å"The Geography of Witchcraft Accusation in 1692 Salam Village† in order to imply that geographic analysis of the witchcraft accusation, economic, religious as well as social status shows there was no significant east-west division within Salam Village. In the article, Ray points out that the map included in Salam Possessed is not only interpretive but also incomplete. He states that there was an inconsistency in giving a numerical count of accusers and accused in the village. Moreover, he questions about the setting of the demarcation line at the center of the map. Ray also offers a revised map of the accusation due to incorrect number of accuser and accused and intended exclusion of eight afflicted girls and the five villagers. From the revised map, Ray reveals that there is no significant division. Conversely, Boyer and Nissenbaum stated that inclusion of the eight afflicted girls would not significantly change the geographic pattern because they were not â€Å"decisive shapers† and also six of eight were not living in the parents’ house during the witchcraft outbreak. Although Boyer and Nissenbaum provided a wide range of information related to the accusation, they failed to present data as given in sources and convincing explanations. Apparently, they intended to show the division in the Village by looking at the map. However, Ray not only indicates errors contained in the map but also reveals the different possible interpretation which can be drawn conclusion from the revised map. I believe the use of the map for illustrating the east-west division of the witchcraft accusation in inappropriate. for omission of accusers and location of the demarcation line, and Boyer and Nissenbaum introduced idea of geographic distribution in the patterns of witchcraft accusation in the first chapter of Salem Possessed.

Roles of Ngos to Development

EXAMINE THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF NGO’s TO DEVELOPMENT NGO is an acronym which stands for â€Å"non-governmental organization. The UN defines an NGO as a kind of private organization that is independent from government control and is non-profit, non-criminal and simply an opposition party. According to professor Peter Willets, from the university of London , argues the definition of NGO as an independent voluntary association of people acting together on a continuous basis for some common purpose other than achieving government office, making money or illegal activities.The most common classification of NGOs is by orientation and level of operation. Orientation refers to the type of activities it takes on, these may include human rights, environmental protection or development works. Level of operation refers to whether it is community based, citywide, national or international. The contributions to NGO’s are: Education, this plays a major role in development since without it development cannot take place. Education can be formal or non-formal.They provide teaching and learning materials for some schools in the deprived areas in Ghana, improved access to education for adults and child rights in quality education. An example is GIGDEV an NGO based in the north which aims at helping adolescent girls by training them in batik tie and dye, hairdressing and sewing to prevent them from going to the south to seek nonexistent jobs. 150 junior high schools in 13 selected districts from the Brong Ahafo, Central region, Eastern region and Greater Accra region to benefit from a project aimed at improving the quality of education in the country.Which is been implemented by Plan Ghana. Agriculture, this is done by providing equipment to the farmers in deprived areas to help them get better yields. Also they are taught new farming techniques that can improve the quality of yields, advised on crops to cultivate. They help farmers advocate policies that promote market access, control over productive resources by small scale farmers and sustainable agric in the face of climate change. Examples of such NGO’s are SNV and SARI. Also in the economic sector NGOs help alleviate poverty. Since 2009 Technoserve has supported 4209 women in the northern, Upper East and Upper west.They have been economically marginalized. 12 women groups were supported to secure Shea processing centres. This means that these people are assisted to start small scale businesses to earn capital which will in turn improve their standard of life. This helps the people immensely because they now gain capital to improve their standard of living. SNV is implementing four year project to assist smallholder farmers in three African countries, Ghana included to supply their national school feeding programme. it is been funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation with a grant of 7. million dollars. Science and technology is also an area NGOs tackle by providing the right mat erials for science programmes which help upcoming students with keen interest in science to develop their potentials. Some of these NGO come out with research findings which help in development of some sectors. Some of the NGOs SARI, UNESCO. In the area of health care, this is done by providing health centers, providing potable water. Providing the deprived with nutritious food to eat. Some NGOs like USAID provide cooking oil and rice to some of the deprived areas.They also help them with the guinea worm eradication in the northern parts by giving them mouth filters which can be used to drink water from some water bodies. Some examples are water Aid, Oxfam and WHO Some NGO provide relief items in cases of conflicts and natural disasters like floods which is prominent during the rainy season in Ghana. This relief items like bags of rice, sugar, corn, mattresses, clothing, building materials are donated to the affected people in these areas. An example is ADRA. In addition, others pla y a role in the rights of people be it the mentally challenged or not.Basic needs Basic rights belief mental health is not a right or a privilege . They help people with mental illness and epilepsy. When they recover their health they learn new skills or go back to their work. Actionaid promote women’s rights, the organization worked on women’s participation in leadership and decision making, violence against women and girls. To conclude, the contributions of NGOs to development cannot be over emphasized since it deals with major aspects of development like education, agriculture, economic, healthcare, provision of relief items and human rights

Career Goals And Future Aspirations

Introduction The topic of interest for this research paper consists of researching role-play within make believe play in young children and if it can predict future career goals depending on the child’s gender. Though this topic can be complex to study, it is incredibly relevant due to the fact play in general; play has a huge impact on children and their development along with enhancement in general in context of multiple skills. Past literature has stated that make-believe play can enhance social†¦ children’s future career goals and lifestyle. The proposed researcher has greatly benefited and enhanced prior background, but future research will focus on gender roles within make-believe play and its significance in a child’s future career to better understand the importance of gender roles in children’s play. With this question not being addressed within any of the prior literature, it is easy to question if gender-role play during make-believe play will impact children’s views on their future career†¦ realized that my career goal is to be involved in these policy decisions but my current knowledge is not ready for it. UofT’s Department of Economics is known to be one of the bests in the world with reputable faculty members and abundant resources for academic research. As a result, I believe that UofT can further my understanding of the real world economy and provide a solid academic base for a future career in shaping economic policy. Back when I finished my high school, a career goal seemed to be†¦ For my future career, I have decided to research the job tasks, pay scale, and requirements for a high school history teacher. I chose this particular career for a number of reasons. History is one of my passions and I knew that I desired to work in a field that pertains to them. I also feel that going into education could entail positive changes for both myself and the current system. Finally, one of my advanced placement teachers in high school motivated me to follow this career path. As a child†¦ My future career goal is to be a Veterinarian, and hopefully to open my own practice. In order to be a Veterinarian, I need to obtain a DVM (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine). The first step to obtaining a DVM is to complete undergraduate school. Several schools only require 45-90 undergraduate hours, but the school I am interested in, requires a bachelors degree. Finding a position in the field of veterinarian medicine has a high chance, due to the current rate of attrition, many Veterinarians are†¦ My professional career goals and aspirations are most accurately encapsulated from a dream which emerged from my subconscious nearly two years ago and influences me to this day. In this dream, I was on a stage preparing to present to a crowd in acceptance of an award. Before I was to speak, a video introduction played and I introduced myself as â€Å"Paris Wicker, Dean of Empathy.† Often, I find myself deconstructing this dream. I have come to understand that being a â€Å"Dean of Empathy† perfectly exemplifies†¦ materials I need they would try their very best to make me and my siblings happy. With my parents support I was able to move further into my education, build courage, confidence, complete all that I had to and will continue on to establish my future career goal. I was born on June 7, 1998 in Brooklyn, New York. I grew up living in Brooklyn, completed elementary school and I later moved to Queens at the age of 14 and started middle school in I.S. 238. I am the oldest child in the family and I have two†¦ have attended any of the fairs. I must say, that this experience opened my eyes to a lot of different things regarding my future career goals. In my paper, I will be discussing the fair that I attended, what I learned about job searching from this experience, how I will apply this experience to my future career goals, how this experience will shape my future internship and/or career path, and finally my overall thoughts of the fair. Job Fair The fair that I attended was the job fair, I decided to attend†¦ would mean so much to me and ensue me to aspire my accomplishments thus far and the accomplishments I strive for in the future. That being said, my father 's words continue to inspire me every single day and have led me to where I am today and will lead me to pursuing my future career goals as a CRNA. As I reflect on my experiences as a patient care technician, my nursing school career, and my experience thus far as a critical care RN, there has always been one thing on my mind that remains constant:†¦ might be. So people make plans. They begin to think about how they want their life to look like, then they form goals. Goals represent the finish line. You can talk about being there as much as you want but, if you do not take the necessary steps, you will be at a stand still. Goals must be formed carefully, with consideration of your past experiences, present situations, and future aspirations. I was raised with a firm understanding in who I was. Having three older brothers, I would pride myself in†¦

Should Government be responsible for forecasting Tornado Research Paper

Should Government be responsible for forecasting Tornado - Research Paper Example Tornadoes can have a maximum wind speed of about 483km/h and a minimum wind speed of 177km/h (Byars and Doron 23). Tornadoes are too dangerous, and they cause damages and they can lead to death. It is unfortunate that no one except the weather forecasters and other organizations know when a tornado will come. If it comes with people not knowing and not taking the precautions, many people will have to count their losses including property damages and even loss of lives. With this in mind forecasting is necessary for such situations. An organization should forecast and see what is to come like for some few weeks so as to let people know when and where the tornado will appear. This will help citizens take precautions and defend themselves against the tornado (Weems 21). There is no other country that is subjected to tornadoes other than the United States of America. This is because of the clash between arctic winds and tropical winds that happen in the Midwestern states. Due to this man y Americans have lost their lives including loved ones as a result of unpreparedness. There has been an argument as to whether the government should be responsible for forecasting and giving warnings about tornadoes. But there are several facts that counter the possibility of the government taking up the responsibility. There are other organizations such as National Weather Service and National Severe Storm Laboratory that are also able to give predictions on matters about tornadoes and the precautions.

Discussion Board 5-2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 5-2 - Research Paper Example It appears to have a more pronounced effect on the client as a matter of trustworthiness (R.Pearson & Herlihy, 2013 ). There are several examples of dual relationships for which these ethics would define as appropriate. According to Pearson (2013), the counselor is supposed to avoid all conflicts of interests in the work he is doing. Such relationships that are inappropriate are inclusive of intimate relationships which in most cases involve sexual relationships, physical contact, counseling a firmer lover and use of gestures that are considered intimate. The second dual relationship is that which involve personal benefit in forms of monetary gains, emotional dependency and provision of goods and services (R.Pearson & Herlihy, 2013 ). In this context it is clear that each association has its take on dual relationship. Definitive guidance on these helps a counselor to make a wise decision on whether to join these associations or not. This is dictated by how severely the counselor feels oppressed or exploited because dual relationships can be beneficial or harmful in their relationships (R.Pearson & Herlihy, 2013 ). For instance, NAADAC clearly forbids sexual relations with current or former client .ACA on the other hand discourages non professional relations with close family member’s .This way a counselor stands a better chance to make an informed decision that he or she will be comfortable with and that will make it easier for him or her to work in a challenging environment (University, 2013). University, G. C. (2013, 01 05). Ethical,Legal and Professonal issues in Counseling. Retrieved 04 01, 2013, from Digital Resourses,eBooks:

Racial identity politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Racial identity politics - Essay Example THESIS STATEMENT: Despite the fact that Marable’s vision of resolving the issue of racial identity politics might seem rather radical and somewhat inconsistent with the ideas of other black leaders/scholars (for example, in his approach to the nationalist or integrationist movement), Marable provides a well thought out redirection of U.S. racial politics to a wider scope of activities and produces a new and meaningful understanding of race. Marable’s Interpretation of Race The perspective on dealing with racial issues within the contemporary American politics and economy, as expressed in Beyond Black and White: Transforming African-American Politics, is left, or, better, radically left. Specifically, in his interpretation of race, Marable relies on the primary role of class oppression. He observes the difficulty of disconnecting the national identity from the privilege which opposes the definition of race. This privilege, according to Marable, is determined by the super ior status of the white who comes from the upper class and is stereotypically a male. Yet, unlike the majority of thinkers, Marable does not contemplate the race in terms of White/Black opposition, but he sees race as the concept which lies at the intersections with many other types of subordination. Indeed, racism in the United States concerns not just African Americans, but also Asians, Native Americans, Latinos, Pacific Americans, as well as other people on the ground of ethnicity, color, mannerisms, or culture (Marable 5). Guided by historical materialism and Marxist approach in particular, Marable redefines the concept of race in the context of contemporary changes in economic and political life. According to Marable, rather than focusing on a narrow opposition between African Americans and whites, one should strive to develop a complex vision of the race’s instrumentality. This may well be explained by the changes in the fundamental structure of the United States econom y, for example, a flood of legal as well as illegal workers from the countries of the Third World, who basically redefined the meaning of race. This has led to considerable political consequences for all parts and classes within the American society. The innovative approach to interpretation of race found in Marable’s text takes the reader beyond the limited duality of the racial politics centered on black and white opposition. His vision of race is based on reconsidering the essence of â€Å"blackness† in African-Americans’ consciousness and political identity. Hence, the concept of race – of blackness – needs to be redefined both ideologically and with regard to material terms. This is necessitated by the fact that hundreds of thousands of people of Afro-American, Hispanic, and Caribbean origin move to the United States and get assimilated within numerous cities with other non-whites. Therefore, diversity and complexity are two crucial concepts t hat characterize black family relationship, religious affiliations, cultural traditions, and languages. This means that the

Macroeconomic Theory and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macroeconomic Theory and Policy - Essay Example The neoclassical economies aim at creating long term solutions for the economic problems with effects of inflation and government regulation being critical, while for Keynesian economies, immediate results form a major platform where the policies focus on short term goals(Evans & Seppo 2007, p. 89). This was a system that established rules for financial and commercial relations in mid 20th century among the major industrial states worldwide. This led to establishment of International Bank of Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund. The major features of the Bretton Woods System were obligation of every country to establish a monetary policy which maintained an exchange rate of its currency to US dollar as well as ability of IMF in bridging the temporary payment imbalances in terms of gold (Evans & Seppo 2007, p. 89). Stagflation in economics describes the situation when the rate of inflation is high leading to slow rates of economic growth and high rates of unemployment. This results when economy is stagnant increasing the rates of inflation. The situation raises economic policy dilemma as a result of exacerbation of unemployment by decreasing the rates of inflation. In version of the Keynesian macroeconomic theory dominant during the late 1970s and at the end of World War II, recession and inflation were regarded to be mutually exclusive with relationship between them described by Phillips curve. Kaldor proposed an international buffer stocks system meant to raise the prices for commodities after they become too low in order to help the developing incomes from producing and developing nations after the prices raise too high (Evans & Seppo 2007, p. 89). European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) was introduced in 1979 in UK by European Community with the aim of reducing the variability and achieving monetary stability in preparation for the Economic and Monetary Union. UK joined ERM with the aim of improving its stability in

Steps of Learning to Read Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Steps of Learning to Read - Research Paper Example Recognition is by production and the ability to write alphabetic letters not necessarily in order. The primary aim is to enable the child encode sounds he/she hears. For example, writing ‘c – a – t’ to represent the sounds heard in the word â€Å"cat† (Santa, 1999).The challenge involve making the student to know how to spell out upper and lower case letters differently. Firstly, individuals are trained how to spell and sound the letters. For instance, the learners are taught on how to spell letter b.Then, the students are taught how to air the initial sounds in short words that are succeeded by the endings. The last sounds to be learned are the medial sounds heard. Learners are shown on identification and matching of the sounds heard, and then encode a letter for the sounds heard (Spufford, 1979). A learner should be able to appreciate familiar letter patterns. This may be a good strategy to learn a new word that is similar to already heard words. A better example is ball and call. Building words takes the skill further. Any young person will always learn to handle those words that keep changing and place them in a coded form. That with a new letter. A good example is the word ‘hat’. Convert a single letter to make it ‘sat’ (Darnton, 1986). The significance of Sight word vocabulary is to enable a child learn to read words that are hard to decode phonetically. A child will conceptualize and read short sentences with sight vocabulary. As time goes by the learner may be in a position to recognize the group of letters as the word (Spufford, 1979). Punctuation and capitalization are socially acceptable and are passed to learners as signals in the reading or writing process. Readers for the first time should learn to stop at a given juncture to avoid terminating a sentence before it ends. Appreciation of basic punctuation is adhered to following apostrophes to represent

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 18

Research Paper Example Despite such determinations by the report, numerous other conspiracies arose to the fore following the shooting incidence thus portraying the primary effects of widespread speculations and alleged conspiracies about the incidence as portrayed in the discussion below. Doorley Helio, 241 explain that conspiracy theorists will always provide evidence in order to validate their claims. The conspiracy theorists in Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting used numerous evidences availed by preliminary media reports to back their rumors. The official reports as released by both the media and the official government reports released close to a year later revealed that the shooter identified as Adam Lanza acted alone and killed his mother before driving to the school where he killed six teachers and twenty pupils. Among the evidences the numerous conspirators use to support their theories included wrong photos, wrong identity of the shooter, weapons used and incorrect locations of the shoot out among other basic evidences peddled by the preliminary media reports. Apparently, after arriving at the scene of crime numerous local and internal media began delivering different reports. Each media institution strived to deliver its objective sand authoritative cov erage of the incident thus developing and fostering some of the conspiracies that surrounded the shooting incident. Just as was the case with the September 11 terrorist attack, conspiracy theorists gave varied viewpoints on the incidence. People began giving varied accounts and explanations of the incident. Among the conspiracies was the American involvement in the shooting. Such theories alleged that the government carried out the shooting with the view of heightening the discussion on gun control in the country (Stuart 1). Gun control policies are some of the most contentious issues in the United States. The high crime

Letter of Recommendation Essay Example for Free

Letter of Recommendation Essay Letter of Recommendation To the applicant: Please fill in your name and the other required information below. In turn, deliver or email this form to the person who will write this letter. NOTE: Request your recommender to seal his or her letter of recommendation in an official envelope and sign across the back flap upon completion. Recommendation letters that are not sealed and signed will not be accepted. Confidential Name of Applicant: (given name) Shajeel(family name) Rasool Nationality: Pakistani Desired Degree Program Doctoral Desired Major: Electrical Engineering To the recommender: The person named above has applied for the ‘Korean Government Scholarship Program’. We ask for your assistance, and would appreciate your frank and candid appraisal of the applicant. * Please type or print clearly using black ink. 1. How long have you known the applicant and in what relationship? Please assess the applicants qualities in the evaluation table given below. Rate the applicant compared to other classmates who are/were in the same school year with him/her. How well do you think the applicant has thought out plans for graduate study? 5. Please comment on the applicant’s performance record, potential, or personal qualities which you believe would be helpful in considering the applicant’s application for the proposed degree program. Recommender’s Name Date Recommender’s Signature Position or Title: University (Institution): Address: Tel: Fax: (zip-code:-) Please return this form sealed in an official envelope and signed across the back to the applicant. We greatly appreciate your timeliness regarding this letter for your recommendee.

Impact of Social Determinants on Health

Impact of Social Determinants on Health Song et al (2011) studied the influence of social determinants of health on disease rates. They specified AIDS as the disease of concern and utilized data from American Community Survey. They used correlation and partial correlation coefficients quantify the effect of socioeconomic determinants on AIDS diagnosis rates in certain areas and found that the AIDS diagnosis rate was mutually related with kind, marital status and population density. Poverty, education level and unemployment also determine the cause of disease in an individual. In developed and developing countries socioeconomic status proved to be an important cause of cardiovascular disease. Survey studies showed that education was the most important socioeconomic determinant in relation to cardiovascular risk factor. Smoking was also a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Low socioeconomic status had a direct relationship with higher levels of cardiovascular risk factors (Yu et al, 2000; Reddy et al, 2002; Jeemon Reddy, 2010; Thurston et al, 2005; Janati et al, 2011 and Lang et al, 2012). Lantz et al (1998) investigated the impact of education, income and health behaviors on the risk of dying within the next 7.5 years with longitudinal survey study. The results of cross tabulation showed that the mortality rate has a strong association with education and income. Habib et al (2012) conducted a questionnaire based survey to measure the social, economic, demographic and geographic influence on the disease of bronchial asthma in Kashmir valley. After analysis in SPSS they concluded that non smokers, males working in farms and females working with animals have a high incidence of Bronchial Asthma. The study also showed a significant relationship between the age and disease. Arif and Naheed (2012) used â€Å"The Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2004-05† conducted by the Federal Bureau of Statistics to determine the socioeconomic, demographic, environmental and geographical factors of diarrhea morbidity among the sampled children. Their study found a relationship between diarrhea morbidity and economic factors particularly ownership of land, livestock and housing conditions. Child’s gender and age, total number of children born, mother’s age and education and sources of drinking water did show significant effect on the diarrhea morbidity among children. Aranha et al (2011) conducted a survey in Brazil’s district Sà £o Paulo, to determine the association between children’s respiratory diseases reported by parents, attendance at school, parents’ educational level, family income and socioeconomic status. By applying chi square test they concluded that the health of children is associated with parents’ higher education, particularly mothers. Family income, analyzed according to per capita income did not affect the number of reports of respiratory diseases from parents. Deolalikar and Laxminarayan (2000) used data from 1997 Cambodia Socioeconomic Survey to estimate the influence of socioeconomic variables on the extent of disease transmission within villages in Cambodia. They concluded that infectious diseases were the leading cause of morbidity in the country. Younger adults were less likely to get infected by others, but it increased with age. Income and the availability of a doctor had a significant effect on disease transmission. Survey studies based on different countries showed a strong association between socioeconomic factors (income, education and occupational position) and obesity. After analysis there was a significant effect of consumption of low quality food due to economic factors on increased obesity. For men, both the highest level of occupational position and general education completed were found to have a significant effect on obesity while women in the lowest income group were three times as likely to be obese as women in the highest income group (Kuntz and Lampert, 2010; Akil and Ahmad, 2011 and Larsen et al, 2003). Yin et al (2011) used data from the 2007 China Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance of 49,363 Chinese men and women aged 15-69 years to examine the association between the prevalence of self-reported physician diagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and socioeconomic status defined by both educational level and annual household income. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed. Among nonsmokers, low educational level and household income were associated with a significant higher prevalence of COPD. Siponen et al (2011) tried to study the relationship between the health of Finnish children under 12 years of age and parental socioeconomic factors (educational level, household income and working status) by conducting population based survey. The analysis was done by using Pearson’s Chi-Square tests, and logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence intervals. The results showed that parental socioeconomic factors were not associated with the health of children aged under 12 years in Finland. Washington State Department of Health (2007) examined Washington adults and inferred that adults with lower incomes or less education were more likely to smoke, obessed, or ate fewer fruits and vegetables than adults with the broader culture, higher incomes and more education. In cultures where smoking was culturally unacceptable for women, women died less often from smoking-related diseases than women in groups where smoking was socially accepted. Lack of access to or inadequate use of medical services, contributed to relatively poorer health among people. In lower socioeconomic position groups health care received by the poor was inferior in quality. People of higher socioeconomic position had larger networks of social support. Low levels of social capital had been associated with higher mortality rates. People who experienced racism were more likely to have poor mental health and unhealthy lifestyles. Hosseinpoor et al (2012) took self-reported data, stratified by sex and low or middle income, from 232,056 adult participants in 48 countries, derived from the 2002–2004 World Health Survey. A Poisson regression model with a robust variance and cross tabulations were used deducing the following results. Men reported higher prevalence than women for current daily smoking and heavy episodic alcohol drinking, and women had higher growth of physical inactivity. In both sexes, low fruit and vegetable consumption were significantly higher. Braveman (2011) concluded that there was a strong relationship between income, education and health. Health was improved if income or education increased. Stressful events and circumstances followed a socioeconomic incline, decreased as income increased. Lee (1997) examined the effects of age, nativity, population size of place of residence, occupation, and household wealth on the disease and mortality experiences of Union army recruits while in service using Logistic regression. The patterns of mortality among recruits were different from the pattern of mortality among civilian populations. Wealth had a significant effect only for diseases on which nutritional influence was definite. Migration spread communicable diseases and exposed newcomers to different disease environments, which increased morbidity and mortality rate. Ghias et al (2012) studied the patients having HCV positive living in province of Punjab, Pakistan. Socio-demographic factors and risk factors were sought out using questionnaire. Logistic regression and artificial neural network methods were applied and found that patient’s education, patient’s liver disease history, family history of hepatitis C, migration, family size, history of blood transfusion, injection’s history, endoscopy, general surgery, dental surgery, tattooing and minor surgery by barber were 12 main risk factors that had significant influence on HCV infection. REFERENCES Song, R. et al (2011) â€Å"Identifying The Impact Of Social Determinants Of Health On Disease Rates Using Correlation Analysis Of Area-Based Summary Information† Public Health Reports Supplement 3, Volume 126, 70-80. Yu, Z. et al (2000) â€Å"Associations Between Socioeconomic Status And Cardiovascular Risk Factors In An Urban Population In China† Bulletin of the World Health Organization Volume 78, No. 11, 1296-1305. Reddy, K. et al (2002) † Socioeconomic Status And The Prevalence Of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors† Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr Volume 11, No. 2, 98–103. Jeemon, P. Reddy, K. (2010) †Social Determinants Of Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes In Indians† Indian J Med Res Volume 132, 617-622. Thurston, R. et al (2005) â€Å"Is The Association Between Socioeconomic Position And Coronary Heart Disease Stronger In Women Than In Men?† American Journal of Epidemiology Volume 162, No. 1, 57-65. Janati, A. et al (2011) â€Å"Socioeconomic Status and Coronary Heart Disease† Health Promotion Perspectives Volume 1, No. 2, 105-110. Lang, T. et al (2012) â€Å"Social Determinants Of Cardiovascular Diseases† Public Health Reviews Volume 33, No. 2, 601-622. Lantz, P. et al (1998) â€Å"Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behaviors, and Mortality† JAMA Volume 279, No. 21, 1703-1708. Habib, A. et al (2012) â€Å"Socioeconomic, Demographic and Geographic Influence on Disease Activity of Bronchial Asthma in Kashmir Valley† IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (JDMS) ISSN: 2279-0853, ISBN: 2279-0861, Volume 2, No. 6, 04-07. Arif, A. and Naheed, R. (2012) â€Å"Socio-Economic Determinants Of Diarrhoea Morbidity In Pakistan† Academic Research International ISSN-L: 2223-9553, ISSN: 2223-9944 ISSN-L: 2223-9553, ISSN: 2223-9944, Volume 2, No. 1, 490-518. Aranha, M. et al (2011) â€Å"Relationship Between Respiratory Tract Diseases Declared By Parents And Socioeconomic And Cultural Factors† Rev Paul Pediatr Volume 29, No. 3, 352-356. Deolalikar , A. and Laxminarayan, R. (2000) â€Å"Socioeconomic Determinants of Disease Transmission in Cambodia† Resources for the Future Discussion Paper, 00–32. Kuntz, B. and Lampert, T. (2010) â€Å"Socioeconomic Factors and Obesity† Deutsches Ärzteblatt International Volume 107, No. 30, 517-22. Akil, L. and ; Ahmad, H. (2011) â€Å"Effects Of Socioeconomic Factors On Obesity Rates In Four Southern States And Colorado† Ethnicity Disease Volume 21, 58-62. Larsen, P. et al (2003) â€Å"The Relationship of Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Factors, and Overweight in U.S.Adolescents†OBESITY RESEARCH Volume 11, No.1, 121-129. Yin, P. et al (2011) â€Å"Prevalence Of COPD And Its Association With Socioeconomic Status In China: Findings From China Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance 2007† BMC Public Health Volume 11, 586-593. Siponen, M. et al (2011) â€Å"Children’s Health And Parental Socioeconomic Factors: A Population-Based Survey In Finland† BMC Public Health Volume 11, 457-464. Washington State Department of Health (2007) â€Å"Social and Economic Determinants of Health† The Health of Washington State Volume 1, No. 3, 01-07. Hosseinpoor, A. et al (2012) â€Å"Socioeconomic inequalities in risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in low-income and middle income countries: results from the World Health Survey† BMC Public Health Volume 12, 912-924. Braveman, P. (2011) â€Å"Accumulating Knowledge on the Social Determinants of Health and Infectious Disease† Public Health Reports Supplement 3, Volume 126, 28-30. Lee, C. (1997) â€Å"Socioeconomic Background, Disease, and Mortality among Union Army Recruits: Implications for Economic and Demographic History† Explorations in Economic History Volume 34, 27-55. Ghias, M. et al (2012) â€Å"Statistical Modelling and Analysis of Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Infection in Punjab, Pakistan† World Applied Sciences Journal Volume 20, No. 2, 241-252.

Battle of Jutland Essays -- essays research papers fc

The Battle of Jutland   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Considered by most to be the greatest naval fleet battle during World War I, the Battle of Jutland was the largest and last full-blown conflict between massive fleets consisting of battle cruisers, dreadnoughts, and destroyers. Despite the fact that Jutland changed nothing strategically within the war, it is still known as being one of the most significant battles in naval history. But this battle was also one that ended with many questions and controversies that have been written about and discussed throughout the years following, even to present day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jutland commenced on May 31, 1916, after the commander of the German High Seas Fleet, Reinhard Scheer, made plans to maneuver towards the British coast, unaware that the British were able to read their coded messages and were fully prepared for Scheer’s plan. Admiral Sir John Jellicoe was in full command of the British Grand Fleet, which had been divided into three groups: the main body led by Jellicoe, six battle cruisers led by Admiral David Beatty, and four dreadnoughts under Admiral Hugh Evan-Thomas. The Grand Fleet departed two and a half hours before the Germans set off in order to rendezvous about 50 miles from Jutland in the North Sea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the first German encounter, Beatty and his battle cruisers chased a small, weak group of the German Fleet, which was led by Admiral Franz von Hipper, south towards the main High Seas Fleet. After being fired upon, Beatty made an 1800 turn northward in order to now lure the Germans toward Jellicoe and the main body. Next occurred what Louis D. Rubin Jr., who wrote the article â€Å"The Continuing Argument over Jutland† in 2001, described as one of â€Å"the most controversial episodes of a battle studded with controversial episodes.† Evan-Thomas and his dreadnoughts, which had been headed south following Beatty, failed to turn all at once and follow the battle cruisers northward. Although he apparently had not received the signal to do so until three minutes after they had passed, Rubin explains that Evan-Thomas should have, on his own intuition and initiative, proceeded to fall behind Beatty’s battle cruisers. Further stipulation was made as to whether or not this turn should have been made simultaneously or one ship after another. But to counter Rubin’s opinion... ...urces to prove his theory that blaming the battle cruisers’ designers was too simplistic of an explanation. In conclusion, this was a fascinating battle that may have left many unanswered questions and theories, but it will forever be known as the greatest naval battle in World War history. Works Cited Primary Source: Horne, Charles F. â€Å"Memoirs & Diaries: The Battle of Jutland by an anonymous British sub-Lieutenant.† Source Records of the Great War, Vol. 4, 1923. Secondary Sources: Bennett, Geoff. The Battle of Jutland. Wordsworth Military Library, 1999. Gordon, Andrew. The Rules of the Game. John Murray Pub., 1996. Hough, Richard. The Great War at Sea. Oxford University Press, 1984. Lambert, Nicholas. â€Å"‘Our Bloody Ships’ or ‘Our Bloody System’? Jutland and the Loss of the Battle Cruisers, 1916.† The Journal of Military History. Lexington: Jan. 1998. Vol. 62, Iss.1; p.29. Ranft, B. McL., ed. â€Å"31 May 1916: Beatty’s Official Report on the Battle of Jutland.† The Beatty Papers, Vol. 1, p. 323. Navy Records Society, 1989. Rubin, Louis D. Jr. â€Å"The Continuing Argument over Jutland.† The Virginia Quarterly Review. Charlottesville: Autumn 2001. Vol. 77, Iss. 4; p.583.

Humming Birds :: essays research papers

Hummingbirds in Flight   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hummingbirds are fascinating birds that are always fun to watch. These birds are able to hover in mid-air, dart from side to side, go straight up or down, or even backwards. They can out-fly and out-maneuver birds hundreds of times their size. There are many factors that contribute to the hummingbirds’ ability to fly so easily through the air.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A hummingbird’s wings are shaped so that they are slightly rounded on the top. Bernoulli’s Principle explains why this helps the bird to fly. The air passing over the top of the wing must travel further than the air going under the wing. As the hummingbird moves forward, the velocity of the fluid increases over the wing and the pressure above the wing is reduced. The higher pressure under the hummingbird’s wing provides lift for the bird.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hummingbirds have unusually strong muscles that enable them to raise and lower their wings with great power. As the Hummingbirds thrust their wings up and down, they fly into the air with amazing agility and speed. The sleek outline of the bird and smooth feathers create little drag as the bird darts through the air. Hummingbirds have even been seen flying upside down!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another factor that helps explain how hummingbirds fly is called Archimedes Principle. The hummingbird stays in the air at a high altitude because it is held up by a buoyant force. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the volume of fluid it displaces. The Venturi effect is evident when the hummingbird holds it’s wings close to it’s body.

Shays Rebellion :: essays research papers

Troubled Farmers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In the first years of peacetime, following the Revolutionary War, the future of both the agrarian and commercial society appeared threatened by a strangling chain of debt which aggravated the depressed economy of the postwar years†.1 This poor economy affected almost everyone in New England especially the farmers. For years these farmers, or yeomen as they were commonly called, had been used to growing just enough for what they needed and grew little in surplus. As one farmer explained â€Å" My farm provides me and my family with a good living. Nothing we wear, eat, or drink was purchased, because my farm provides it all.†2 The only problem with this way of life is that with no surplus there was no way to make enough money to pay excessive debts. For example, since farmer possessed little money the merchants offered the articles they needed on short-term credit and accepted any surplus farm goods on a seasonal basis for payment. However if the farmer experienced a poor crop, shopkeepers usually extended credit and thereby tied the farmer to their businesses on a yearly basis.3 During a credit crisis, the gradual disintegration of the traditional culture became more apparent. During hard times, merchants in need of ready cash withdrew credit from their yeomen customers and called for the repayment of loans in hard cash. Such demands showed the growing power of the commercial elite.4 As one could imagine this brought much social and economic unrest to the farmers of New England. Many of the farmers in debt were dragged into court and in many cases they were put into debtors prison. Many decided to take action: The farmers waited for the legal due process as long as them could. The Legislature, also know as the General Court, took little action to address the farmers complaints. 5 â€Å"So without waiting for General Court to come back into session to work on grievances as requested, the People took matters into their own hands.†6 This is when the idea for the Rebellion is decided upon and the need for a leader was eminent. The Rebellion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The person that was chosen to lead the rebellion was Daniel Shays. Shays, born in Hopkinton Massachusetts, grew up as a farmer before he fought for his country in the War for Independence. During the War he fought in such key battles as the Battle of Lexington, Bunker Hill and Saratoga.

Essay on ”Race, Class, Violence and Denial: Mass Murder and the Pathologies of Privilege” by Tim Wise Essay

Often when racial inequality and discrimination is being discussed, we get to think of terms such as â€Å"white privilege† and American history with the Civil Rights Act in 1964. But we think of it, mainly as history. And that, according to Tim Wise, an anti-racism activist and American writer, is the biggest self-deception of the modern American world. Throughout an article posted on his own webpage, concerning school shootings, Tim Wise discusses the general American attitude towards this relatively new phenomenon in American society. With the use of especially pathos Wise argues that the most concerning thing about these events is how society is handling them afterwards. The problem is, according to Wise, that white people tell themselves ‘white lies’, and therefore never think that such actions could be taking place in their communities. He claims that there’s a reason why this happens in the outwardly ordinary societies. It’s because the people, trying to maintain at certain surface of innocence, refuse to see the signs of trouble, even when it’s going on before their very eyes. He wants us to take responsibility and stop excluding some parts of society from the â€Å"danger-zone† just because they look bucolic and normal on the outside and almost in the form of a provocative scolding he explains what damages these ‘white lies’ can do – not only to people of color, but to white people as well. Tim Wise wrote this article 3 days after the massacre at the Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newton, Connecticut, where the 20-year-old Adam Lanza shot 20 pupils and 6 staff members. Without any further explanation Wise starts out his article, and from the very beginning he makes sure that the reader is attentive: â€Å"The senselessness alone would have been sufficient†(p.8 l. 7). We immediately sense the dramatic tone just as we also quite quickly understand the author’s profound personal concern about this issue. The title indicates what is to come; yet it is not very specific and it does not deal with school shootings as an issue at all. It gives us an idea of the author’s personal fight against racism which is also reflected in the article and probably all of his writing. Wise uses heavy vocabulary in the title and he continues to do so in the rest of the article. His ethos is strengthened by his use of language. The language is rather difficult, and the fact that he leaves out almost all explanatory references, â€Å"For the right, it’s the culture of poverty, or perhaps some specific aspect of â€Å"black culture†(†¦)(p.11.l138) shows that he expects his readers to have a certain amount of knowledge about politics and society. Even though the language contains many complex sentences and has many intellectual references, it still maintains a natural and easy-to-read flow. As mentioned before, he uses pathos a lot in his argumentation. When attempting to persuade the reader, he is mainly focusing his arguments on emotions. But he is no pleaser, though. He tries to speak to our guilty conscience, and it becomes clear which reaction he wants. â€Å"There is dysfunction and pathology and general awfulness where some of the beautiful people too reside? Yes precious, yes indeed.†(p.9 ll.47-48) His tone is extremely provocative and ironic, but we never doubt the seriousness of this matter to him. Actually this only indicates the importance of the subject and the author’s character appears very passionate. Maybe to the extent that he fails to remain objective – but then again, was that ever his purpose? His use of irony gives him more options too. It makes it easier for the reader to accept some of his quite exaggerated statements. The fact that the article is published on Wise’s own webpage called: www.timwise.org is quite crucial to the way it appears. The author has created the webpage for himself and the purpose of it is to be the platform for his views on different matters. The ones who visit his webpage and read his articles have this in mind from the beginning. Also they must be interested in him in some way or another. His main claim, that the school shootings is a result of the surroundings, works absolutely fine. When he refers to the general weapon availability in the United States, he backs up his ground with facts for the first time in his article, â€Å"(†¦)we should know by now that with 280 million guns in circulation, they can’t all be tucked into the waistbands of young black men who reside somewhere else(†¦)(s.9 ll.61-62) He is surprised that people act surprised. Also, he criticizes white people for thinking that the only ones who can’t control weapons are the poor and colored ones. He uses the topic â€Å"School shootings† to raise a debate about a still ongoing racial discrimination in the US. It seems intelligent of him to choose this topic, since the horror of it is something almost everyone more or less agree on, since it is something everyone wants to end. He claims that the only way to ever set a stop to this madness is for the communities to take responsibility. All these arguments connect in a fine way, but his use of rebuttal does almost not exist. If the article had been for at newspaper or anything else with more critical readers of more dissimilar opinions, he would need that to seem less subjective. Wise has a clear purpose with this article. And at most points, he succeeds in persuading the reader. He wants us to wake up. He wants society to wake up from its conscious sleep and take some responsibility. So, who are the enemies? And who can be the heroes? According to Tim Wise we as a society plays both of the parts.

The Glass Menagerie Role Of Laura English Literature Essay

The function that Laura played in The Glass Menagerie can non be overlooked as it contributed to the development of the overall subject of the book. The drama is based on the battles that worlds face in accepting world as this is the major subject of the book and Laura Wingfield is one character in the drama that had jobs accepting the challenges that life presented her with. Laura was described as a physically handicapped miss and she had troubles in accepting the world of her status ( Williams ) . Laura wanted a life that was better and would hold loved it, if she was non in the sort of state of affairs she found herself in. Though, it could be argued that, Laura did non truly play a outstanding function in the drama, but the fact remains that, the secret plan and the subjects of the drama are centered on her. Some of the symbols that lend acceptance to the importance of Laura to the overall subject of the drama are the glass unicorn, bluish roses, fire flight and the rubric of the narrative as these symbols represents the character of Laura. Laura could non come to footings with world and this is the ground that she was described as populating a slightly illusional life style in The Glass Menagerie. Due to the challenges and jobs she was faced with, Laura preferred to remain in her comfort zone and she lived in an illusional universe. Laura ‘s life was full of semblances as she lived in what could be described as a universe of glass animate beings. It is this trouble of accepting world that really bonds the Wingfield household together, as each one of them, Tom, Amanda and Laura at one point in clip, had jobs get bying with the worlds of life and its many challenges ( Williams 16-25 ) . Laura could be described as a unit of ammunition nog that suits a unit of ammunition hole as the illusional universe of glass animate beings that she lived is merely a clear representation of the existent universe that was described in the drama. This could be seen in the fact that, the people in the drama tend to deduce more satisfaction in phantasies instead than existent events. Laura created an semblance that is a representation of her inability to accept world as she fantasized about a glass ball ( of glass animate beings ) and a group of people waltzing in the Paradise Dance Hall ( Williams ) . The Glass Menagerie clearly showed that, semblances and worlds inability to accept world has become the norm in our society and Laura absolutely fits into this type of illusional universe. Harmonizing to Williams Laura ‘s fond regard to the glass universe she created is seen when â€Å" there is a ting of shattering glass. Laura cries out as if wounded. † ( qtd in Bloom 38 ) The troubles that Laura faced in accepting world could be traced to her glass menagerie, which was a aggregation of wild animate beings and this is really the chief symbol in The Glass Menagerie. This menagerie represents the illusional universe of Laura in its entirety. It is a universe that is notional and anachronic, but based on the phantasies of Laura. Laura devotes more of her clip to this illusional creative activity of hers and she is merely an illustration of people that, instead than confront the worlds of life, they prefer populating a life of phantasies that does non truly be in the existent universe. The aggregation of animate beings that Laura created was borne out of the defeat and her trouble in accepting the world that, she did non finish high school, she was crippled, and that she could non acquire the love that she desired. It could so be argued that, Laura created her ain universe of glass animate beings to get away from a universe that she felt did non in any man ner favour her. As a consequence of the crippling of one leg that made it shorter than the other, Williams explains that, â€Å" Steming from this, Laura ‘s separation additions till she is like a piece of her ain glass aggregation excessively finely delicate to travel from the shelf. † ( qtd. In Bloom 11 ) . A symbol that appears in the inventive universe of Laura is the glass unicorn and the fact that she used the unicorn merely shows the inexistent universe that Laura lives in. Unicorns are nonextant animals and the visual aspect of a unicorn in Laura ‘s glass menagerie shows that, merely like the unicorn that is nonextant and different from other Equus caballuss, Laura lived an unusual life and was different from other people. Williams says of Laura that, â€Å" the lovely breakability of glass which is her image. † ( qtd. in Bloom 26 ) . Due to the fact that, Laura saw herself different from other people, she lived a alone life and it could besides be said that, she forced herself into being unable to accommodate to the universe and people around her. In position of this fact, it could so be argued that, Laura ‘s trouble in accepting world made her to populate like an castaway. The blue rose is another symbol in the drama that shows Laura ‘s unusual and unrealistic nature. Blue Roses was the name given to Laura by Jim and it symbolizes Laura ‘s unusual but attractive quality. It is pertinent to observe that, bluish roses do non be in the existent universe and the fact that, Jim relates Laura with Blue Roses lets readers know that, Jim besides realized the unrealistic nature of Laura. Another incident that is worthy of note in the book was when Laura slipped on the fire flight in the 4th scene and this shows that, Laura was unable to get away from the hard state of affairs in her life. The drama lacked pragmatism in its entirety as this fact was established by the narrator-character, Tom. The fact that Laura was non realistic in her ideas underlines the importance of her character to the subject of the drama. The abstractionism in the drama could be seen in the assorted sorts of symbols that were used in the drama and Laura was one character that lived a life of semblances

Philosophy of life: wisdom and meaning of life Essay

Good afternoon Dear Audience, today I am here to speak about something we are all going through. But first of all, let me start with some questions. I am sure that we all tried to find the answers to them at least once in a lifetime. Do you know what is Time? Or What is Space? Maybe you know what is Conscience? Or what is a Dream? Is there Heaven? or Hell? How can we live without knowing whether we are the ones to choose our own paths? And are we sure that we really Live? So many questions remain unanswered. And all these issues and many many others are in a constant connection with our Lives. Life is something we are all here going through and this is exactly the thing I would like to talk about today. There are a lot of technical definitions for the word Life, but can we really fit the whole meaning of this word in a sentence from the dictionaries, most of which claim that Life is the aspect of existence that processes, acts, reacts, evaluates, and evolves through reproduction and metabolism. But what is life really about, if anything? Basically, scientists, today are contemplating about 2 possible theories. That life is either a meaningless accident arising from the laws of physics operating in a meaningless universe, or it is a ‘step’ in a so-called planned ‘experiment’. I say ‘step’, for this, cannot be the end. The current state of life is yet too unstable and undeveloped for it to be the end. And I say ‘experiment’ since the evolutionary nature of life suggests that its future is unknown. If therefore the universe itself has a purpose, it seems most likely to be to explore what the outcome of the evolutionary experiment would be. And here comes the question of what kind of the outcome will we eventually acquire. In our contemporary world, we all get to listen to scientific debates on how, when and where life will come to an end. However, questions remain which may never be resolved. In this vacuum, philosophers and religious thinkers have attempted to give meaning to life by suggesting goals: Plato suggested the acquisition of knowledge, Aristotle to practice virtue, and the Stoics, mental fortitude and self-control. Today’s philosophers echo the existentialist view that life is full of absurdity, although they also tell us that we must put meaning into life by making our own values in an indifferent world. But if life is just a journey from womb to tomb, will such ‘meaning’ be sufficient to allow the traveler at journey’s end to feel that it was worthwhile? The worthwhile journey, the Beginning, and the End, Birth and Death, talking about Life I can not skip on talking about Time. All animals except humans live in a continual present, with no sense of the temporal distinctions of past, present, and future. Our consciousness of time is, therefore, one of the most important distinguishing features of humankind. It comes as no surprise, then, that from time immemorial, philosophers, teachers, and theologians have speculated on the true nature of time. Does time have a substance and, if so, what is it made of? How do we know that time really exists? Does time have a beginning and an end? There is a general agreement among philosophers that time is continuous and that it has an intrinsic direction or order. There is also a more or less general agreement that it is objective, rather than subjective or dependent on its being consciously experienced, and also that so many different physical processes bear consistent time relations to each other . However, even given that, many differing opinions and approaches to what time actually is have been put forward over the centuries. Presently, most websites and books on the subject begin with a candid admission that time is a curious and slippery concept which continues to defy definitive explanation despite hundreds, even thousands, of years of trying. We are told that time is â€Å"enigmatic† and â€Å"ineffable†, but that does not help us much in our search for the true nature of time. Nearly two and a half thousand years ago, Aristotle contended that â€Å"time is the most unknown of all unknown things†, and arguably not much has changed since then. Despite the fact that we don’t know exactly what time is, we still try to develop and move forward. Throughout my entire speech, I’ve been constantly repeating one word. â€Å"WE†. Just 2 letters. Do you know what they mean, since I don’t? We call ourselves Human beings. And, actually, being a human today does not necessarily mean being humane, being able to read or write, being able to work and provide yourself with everything that is needed. Generally speaking, the main features that distinguish us from animals are our abilities to think unconventionally, speak multiple languages, develop all-around spheres, from literature to sciences, from arts to business, and ,of course, we are different, since we believe in more than what we see and we hope for more than what we possess. Lately, I’ve been thinking about our Lives a lot, and I couldn’t resist the desire to share my thoughts with you, which, of course, are backed up by the scientific facts and evidence. While thinking about it, I’ve listened to myself carefully and eventually noticed that inexplicable voice speaking from within. Most of the time we don’t pay enough heed towards this part of our being., however, it should not be taken for granted. Some call it inner voice, others prefer to call it conscience. This is the reason, employed in questions of right and wrong. It is that within a man which approves or condemns his actions. The inner voice is a principle without which a man falls easily into temp ­tation, and every temptation succumbed to means degradation of his best instincts. He feels that he is no longer the same, but something weaker, something polluted, and the secret uneasiness and self-reproach which pursue him are the biting of conscience. Even though this voice should evoke all the notions of what is right and what is wrong there are some whose ideas of justice and injustice are so perverted that even the most wicked actions bring no remorse and at times even win their approval. Principles are not born in a man but are the result of training and association. It should be the endeavor of all of us, so that when temptation comes we will not fall, but resist it, and with every victory strengthen our character until we grow into noble, firm and self-reliant people. So, wherever you go and whatever you do your inner voice is always there, whispering the right answer. From time everlasting, we’ve always been trying to find the answers to as many questions as possible. We come up with the possible explanations, however, there is no-one out there to say that we are moving in a right direction. Who knows, maybe we are just fooling ourselves, and while, relying on our own science, we try to explain the inexplicable, we are increasingly driving ourselves into the jungles, from which, one day, we will not be able to find a way out. Just look at all the global conspiracy theories, most of which seem not only inconceivable but totally delirious. Let me name couple of them in order for you to have a comprehensive picture of what I am actually talking about. The water fluoridation theory, for instance, claims that the water we drink actually contains fluorite, which allegedly brainwashes the entire population of the Earth and makes us susceptible to inculcation. Or the other theory which states that the Moon does not exist, since it’s a hologram put there by someone unknown. And finally, the theory which assures us that lizard people, also known as ‘reptilians’ run the world. What the believers actually propose is that the top echelon of our government is actually controlled by shape-shifting reptilian aliens, who have been lording power over humans to turn them into mindless slaves for their own purposes. I can not deny the fact that hundreds of conspiracy theories look like the ravings of a madman, however, how can we be so sure that all of these bizarre guesses come from nowhere? How can we be so sure about something yet unknown? We have to set priorities for ourselves. This is all about our Lives, not anyone else’s. In today’s ruthless world you either live in lies and ignorance, or you leave your carefree life behind and go search for the Truth. Life is just a wink of an eye if one thinks of eternity. It’s fast and it’s short but it’s worth every single second since it can not be bought, it can not be changed nor can it be returned, ever. And in order to make your Life a worthwhile journey, be sure to rejoice in every single day as if it is the last one you have. Thank You for Your attention!

Company Policy for S-S Technology

Recruitment Policy Purpose To ensure that required staffs are appointed at required interval for S-S Technology. Responsibility Relevant department manager shall responsible to submit staff requisition form upon staff requirement. HER manager shall review and arrange for recruitment as per requested Information. Procedure When staff requirement request from concerned department manager who shall complete the staff requisition form and submit to HER. HER shall review and take approval from management for initiating recruitment process.HER shall make vacancy announcement as appropriate ways such as Journals, newspaper, notices, etc and collect applicant's C.V.. HER manager shall review collected C.V. and inform to applicants as appropriate ways for Interview. Interviewee or candidate shall fill application Issued by their selves. HER shall conduct the Interview and make decision for appointment for interview. HER. Related manager and GM shall make interview for selected candidates. HER shall submit to management to get approval of new appointment. After selected candidate, HER shall fill record, personal data, and agreement on S-S Technology rules.HER shall explain to new staff the S-S Technology rules detail and other requirements. Provisional period shall be defined as three months but It can be varied based on the assessment of department manager. If the performance of staff is found to be satisfactory after provisional period, department manager shall inform to HER for permanently appointment by appropriate way. HER manager shall issue permanent appointment letter after getting approval from management and inform to finance. HER staff shall keep all records of Taft in personnel data files.References ; Employee Requisition, Application Form, Interview Assessment Form, Request for Medical Test Form, Appointment Letter, Evaluation of New Employee's Job Performance, Permanent Letter, Personal data(C.V.),.. Etc. Performance Appraisal Policy The purpose is to give each employee to know how their performance, behavior and potential are evaluated by manager to improve confidence, to provide improvement of work performance. Responsibility Department manager Is responsible for analyzing competency of responsible staff heir performance in yearly basis.MD/GM is responsible to make performance evaluation for managers. Requirements For manager level – MD/GM shall conduct performance evaluation of managers and above level. – For below manger level – Department manger shall conduct performance evaluation and submit appraisal form to HER. – HER manager shall review and compile proposed comments from appraisal and discuss with MM/ Managers to proceed for improvement. HER manager is responsible to review appraisal outcomes in order to provide necessary training program or provision or resources. –HER manager and related manager shall discuss to upgrade skills of employee and to determine training needs including resource requirements on yearly basis. References Performance Appraisal, Master Skills Matrix. Training Policy To ensure staff are competent to perform their task and ensure to provide necessary training at requested interval. Responsibility HER is responsible to prepare and arrange the training plan after getting approval from management. Department manager is responsible to evaluate their staff competency and communicate with HER for arranging required training.Procedure HER manager shall prepare the training plan based on training requests from department managers and take approval from management. Upon requirement of training, department manager shall fill the nominations for training course and submit to HER. HER shall submit to management for getting approval from management. HER manager and related manager shall arrange the training requirements at requested time. After training is completed, HER manager shall keep the training records such as nomination, record list, course register , evaluations.Trainee and trainer evaluation shall be made to training to get effectiveness of training evaluation as reference. The related manager shall provide the provisional or on Job training defined by managers. Training certificate, if applicable and personal training record shall be updated by HER staff and keep in each relevant personal file. References : Training Request Form, Training Plan Form, Training Record List, Training Course Register, Training Evaluation (trainer), Training Evaluation (trainee), Personal Training Record.

Final Reflection Paper - Reflecting on Contemporary Social Issues Term

Final Reflection - Reflecting on Contemporary Social Issues - Term Paper Example Even during the 19th century blacks were treated as slaves in spite of several racist movements. This situation can be improved if the government adopts new strategies to improve the strata of the people. The political process has gone through a period of change and blacks are given equal opportunities when compared to the past. Though this seems to be a wise decision, this cannot resolve the other issues that prevail in the country. Regular people can certainly work towards ending the social injustice and they must work towards having a voice in the country’s political process. (Lassiter, 2007). To achieve this, people must involve themselves in the racist movements and organizations that fight against these social issues. Every citizen must become a member of a voluntary organization that deals with social problems. This in turn they will create an opportunity for them to participate in movements that emphasize the need of a government which eradicates these issues. They will also have an opportunity to voice out their opinions on the current political strategies and t his will certainly create a second thought in the government to include their ideas. This will even deal with intricate issues that lead to social problems. The biggest obstacles people face in order to achieve the equal society is the difference that prevails among the several strata of the people in the society. The Native Americans and blacks who migrate from other parts of the world are treated in a different manner. They are not given equal employment opportunities which create problems in their employment. Another problem is the incorporation of regulations that have been used for many decades. Since the social issues and racial problems are getting worse day by day, the government must include certain unique strategies that will deal with these prevailing

Henry V Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Henry V - Essay Example l as an understanding not only of the history of Henry V and how Englishmen generally felt about him but also of the period during which Shakespeare wrote this play reveals that he was entirely sincere in his attempts to honor the man who figures so prominently in the title and the play. The play chronicles the short reign of King Henry V, particularly as it pertains to his campaign in France and victory in Agincourt. This campaign is introduced as a means of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Ely to distract their young king from passing a new bill that would strip the church, and therefore themselves, of a great deal of the riches and lands they’ve been given by noblemen with no sons left to inherit. Henry himself is presented as having completely reformed himself from earlier plays when he used to hang out in low-class bars and is now presented as a towering Christian hero prince. â€Å"Hear him but reason in divinity, / And, all-admiring, with an inward wish, / You would desire the king were made a prelate; / Hear him debate of commonwealth affairs, / You would say it hath been all in his study; / List his discourse of war, and you shall hear / A fearful battle rend’red you in music† (38-44). The bulk of the play takes place as t he King marches his way through France and wins Agincourt as well as his future bride, Catherine of France. One of the claims that Shakespeare was making a parody of King Henry has been based on such speeches as can be found in Act 4, Scene 7 when Fluellen attempts to make a comparison between the King and Alexander the Great, based primarily upon the facts that they were both born in towns that start with the letter M and are both towns that have a river going through it. However, the care that Shakespeare took in writing the play illustrates the importance of the topic to him. â€Å"[Shakespeare] took its serious portions seriously and went beyond the existing theatrical versions of Henry’s career for his

Movie reflection on the movie Click Research Paper

Movie reflection on the movie Click - Research Paper Example The setting of the film takes place in both the present day as well as some ten years or so into the future - though there is no major visual difference between the present and the future. At the end of the film it is discovered that the majority of the plot took place in the back room of Bed, Bath, and Beyond store. The major circumstances throughout the entire movie were the remote control and the bizarre character of Morty, who is similar to the fairy godmother in a fairytale. Without these elements, what took place in the movie would not have been possible. In this, the vital element of the film is fantasy, the ability to defy basic reality to share a story or make a point. One of the main themes of Click is responsibility of the home, immediately followed by grief and regret. Though Michael spends all of his time at work, it is done for the sake of his family. He wants to make sure that they have the best of everything, especially since he had to go without when he was growing up. Unfortunately, during these attempts at a better life, Michael begins to forget about his family. He still works to make them happy, but he forgets to spend time with them, which is what they prefer over the frivolous material possessions. There is an irony in how this situation plays out. In his quest to make his family happy, he ends up forgetting about them, making them more upset then they were to begin with. He eventually succumbs to a heart attack and his wife leaves him, making his attempts all for nothing. Michael loses sight that happiness in a family is not always about material possessions. Furthermore, there is a lot of grief and regret in the film, most of which surrounds Michael. Regret is seen throughout the entire film; Michael regrets being unable to give his family everything they want; Michael’s family regrets being able to

The Situation of Palestinian Refugees Research Paper

The Situation of Palestinian Refugees - Research Paper Example The state of the Palestinian refugees has been extremely politically charged with no nation ever giving them citizenship and has therefore resulted in a second generation of refugees. As seen below the solution to this fifty-year problem is not a simple one. The history of Palestinian refugees can be traced back to 1948 during the period of the Israel–Arab war. The nation of Israel had been approved by the United Nation through a vote but was strongly voted against by the Arab community. This resulted in the Arab Israeli war which Israel won and thus expelled the majority Arab community that had lived in the area resulting in the original refugees. The Israel government has however never accepted that they expelled any Arabs insisting instead that they voluntarily fled the areas. This discrepancy in the origin story of the refugees is one of the problems that they face as no government has accepted responsibility over their plight (Morris 20). There is however documented proof that Muslims were expelled from the area however they were allowed to take their property as they left. Villagers in areas such as Samara and Nuqeib were pushed to move out of their villages through marginalization by the police and were also encouraged through economic incentives to move to Syria (Morris 513). The United Nation Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) began to focus on the plight of the Palestine refugees from 1950 estimating the refugees to be seven hundred thousand when they were expelled from Israel. Their attempts in the beginning were towards a possible reintegration of the refugees in other parts of the Arab world including Lebanon and Egypt. This however failed as the governments and the locals did not support the move. UNRWA thus focused on improving the living standards of refugees in Palestine and offered basic education and sanitation services. The UN was the only body that did put effort in improving the refugee situation with middle eastern nations stating tha t the refugees should go back to reintegrate with modern Israel (Milagny 80). The nation of Egypt was a prosperous nation in the 1940s – 1950s the nation had opened the Suez Canal and benefitted from the cotton trade to become one of the more prosperous nations in Africa. The wealthy Palestinians who arrived first were able to get themselves good housing in the more serene areas of Egypt through both legal and illegal means but the poor Palestines had to contend with living in the camps. Egypt was itself struggling with its overpopulation problem and so decided it would be better if a portion of the population would remain in Gaza which Egypt controlled and with themselves financing its upkeep (Oroub 40). The Egyptian government did not however respond positively to the new immigrants and enacted policies that prevented them from getting jobs and also prevented them from working altogether. The prevention from sources of income meant that even the wealthy Palestinians were so on unable to have a source of income and lost whatever savings they had. Egypt ensured that the Gaza strip was constantly under strict military rule while Jordan did the same with West Bank where it assisted with security. It wasn’t until in 1967 when Israel took control of the Gaza strip that the situation in it improved considerably (Oroub 41). These policies led to increased crime committed in Egypt by Palestinians for economic reasons and just as many were jailed for these atrocities. The hostility shown by the Syrian government towards the refugees and the hostility that the Arab world has shown to the Jewish

Cost of Production - Larson & Larson Company Assignment

Cost of Production - Larson & Larson Company - Assignment Example 8660/12800 = ?0.68/unit For T, 50 labour hours @ ?12 + ?1800 for 2,400 Rate per unit = ?2400/2400 = ?1/unit Part b ABC system would be used if the other costs such as run and inspection are actually considered to obtain the true value of the project costs. With the weighted percentages, it can be possible to determine the product value considering each part of the process. In addition to the works on OAR, we calculate according the apportionment of the other expenses such that we will have the calculation that includes all the aspects for ABC as follows: For R, 68 x ? 12 apportioned appropriately in the ratio 3:4:3 then calculated for one unit by dividing by 560, the value is then added to other cost due to material and direct labour hours. = ?1.46/unit The total unit cost of R being ?2.69/ unit ?2.69/ unit1.46/ unit = ?3.15/unit For S, = 50 x ? 12 in the ratio 3:4:3 and calculated for one unit by dividing by 12,800 = 600/12800 = ?0.05/unit Total unit cost being 0.68 + 0.05 = ?0.73/u nit For T, would similarly be obtained as 58 x ?12/600 + ?1/unit =?2.26/unit Part c ABC as a method or accpunting model as developed inorder to solve problems related to accounting that has actually evolved over time due to the change in technology as well operations within the industries (Warren, Reeve & Fess 2005). It is clear that overhead costs have been increasing in companies to the point that it may be extremely difficult to use the direct methods which only emphasized on resources as well as the absorbed costs of the out. This assumed at a great expense, the impact of operations and the many intermediaries involved which comprise of the majority of the overhead costs. ABC therefore is the only practical remedy to the inefficiencies of the traditional accounting methods. At the core of ABC there exist very important principles and arguments which contribute to differentiating it from other accounting methods. ABC holds that the cost objects will consume the activities contrar y to the principle of other traditional accounting methods which argue that cost objects may only consume the resources (Naidu, Babu & Rajendra 2006). In normal operations, the costs actually will end utilizing the activities in the production line which actually depend on the resources. This aspect makes ABC more realistic and effective in determine the unit cost of production. Whereas other traditional methods base on volume allocation of the production resources, ABC considers the drivers at each level and their effect on production to determine the allocation. The drivers considered include activity drivers as well as the activity drivers which check every other production element and its cause effect relationship to the output. Further difference and principle of ABC comes from the fact that the traditional accounting are developed on the basis of structures while ABC actually depends on the process itself and therefore takes care of the various that may occur in the process. A BC begins from the process as it moves upwards to assess the amount of resources utilized and that might be required. Critically, ABC analyses the activities with the understanding that it is not easy or possible to manage costs but the activities causing the costs are manageable so that in the end, it is the activities that the organization takes or that is taken in the production process which will determine the costs (Pryor 1998). The

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Literature - Essay Example The five natures or characteristics found in literature are subdivided into smaller segments to show the complex variety and types of works which have been produced by writers but the central points remain the same. These include: Knowing and understand these aspects allows an individual to apply the same to any work which is presented as literature and permits the examination of how that particular piece is constructed (Culler, 2000). Considering the longer of the two works, the Tell-Tale Heart is a fine example of gothic short story writing for which Poe is rightly famous. The story places an unnamed narrator with an old man who has a defect in one of his eyes which give it a cloudy appearance. The narrator is very distressed by the eye for some reason to the extent that he wishes to kill the old man. He stands night after night looking upon the old man as he sleeps but doesn’t kill him because the urge to kill settles down while the eye is closed. One night the old man wakes up and upon seeing the cloudy eye the narrator loses control and kills the old man. He chops up the body and buries it under the floor boards (Poe, 1843). When the police come to investigate, he remains calm and shows them around the house to clarify that there was no murder or accident. However, during the visit he starts hearing the heartbeat of the man he buried and becomes very agitated as it grows louder. The police do not hear anything but narrator himself is driven into frenzy and starts tearing out the floorboards to reveal the dead man’s body and his own guilt (Poe, 1843). If we apply the five characteristics, then all seem to fit very well into place with the story in question. First of all, the story and the events described therein are completely fictional although understandably scary and exciting. The language used is very suitable for

Business Plan to Sell Oil Rigs in MENA Region Essay

Business Plan to Sell Oil Rigs in MENA Region - Essay Example However, the success rate of a new business is expected remain high, if entrepreneurs is able to develop a realistic and achievable business plan by analysing and assessing the associated risk and by framing a set of effective and plausible strategies. This paper will present a brief business that will include product and company features, market and cost analysis with project timeline of the start up business. 2. Product Feature and its Advtantage The product is the start business is the oil rig machines which are basically a drilling machine to explore the underground oil and natural gas. These machines are huge in size that creates hole within the Earth. Oil rigs are installed and used at site where oil is supposed o deposited under the ground. Generally, the oil rigging machines are available in different sizes run by any of the one power system i.e. diesel engines or electrical generators. The oil rig offered by the new start up venture will be very help for the oil exploring co mpanies as it will be able to run on both types of power system in accordance to the available resources. Besides, its new technology used for rotation system and for circulation system will be very cost effective as installation cost will be very low and will be quite productive in term of its cost including its maintenance cost and power cost. 3. Company Description and Formation The name of the new start up company is OilTech Pvt. Ltd and it will be engaged in the manufacturing and selling of the newly develop oil rigging machines. Primarily, OilTech will be based in MENA region and will also be situated in this region as a large number of buyers will be available in this region. OilTech Pvt. Ltd will be formed by joint venture with an existing engineering company who is engaged in manufacturing of the heavy engineering products. OilTech and engineering-based company will have 40% stake each and rest 20% of the capital will obtained through loans from banks or other sources. Cert ain amount of loan will be very helpful in tax benefits and higher return on equity. Joint venture with engineering-based company will very helpful for the OilTech as it will be able to use the technological expertise. 4. Market Analysis and Target Market MENA region includes the Middle East and North African countries and these countries are highly enriched with mineral oils and gas. The most of these countries are oil-based economies and hence, a large of buyer of oil rigging machines will be available. However, market competition this region is expected to remain high as a number of oil drilling company companies and seller of oil drilling or rigging are present. Moreover, many oil and natural gas producer companies buys the oil drilling machines from the other countries like China, Germany, U.S. etc. Some of the potential and key competitors for OilTech are Allegheny Crane, Focus Oil Tools, Korea National Oil Corp, Parker Drilling, Proforma Safety LLC etc. These competitors also offer services for oil drilling and maintenance services to the oil exploring companies (Rigzone, â€Å"Website Listings†). OilTech is newly formed company and hence, it will enter in the market by targeting the small oil and gas producing companies. Considering the features of the product offered by OilTech will be low cost and will also incurs lower maintenance cost that strives to add value to profitability and efficiency. With the increasing demand of the oil and gas in the World economy, the demand of the oil drilling

Colonial reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Colonial reflection - Essay Example Branch argues that colonial expansion was key to the formation of territorial states by presenting theorization of the interaction between colonies and metro-poles and highlights the significance of ideas and practices of political authority and structure. Branch asserts that sovereign statehood and the practices of international relations had their origin or were influenced by Europe by building upon many theories. Some of the theories that support this argument include historical sociology regarding the origin of European statehood that argues that European state system is exclusively internal to the European continent. Branch is right in his argument because European expansion of colonial powers and the competition among different forms of European rule ended up in sovereign state since every rule wanted to control at least a territory they conquered. The objective of the colonialists was to exercise their power in the places they conquered and this favored well the system of sovereign state. I concur with Branch that system of sovereign state spread to different parts of the world because of direct colonial imposition and imitation thus implying that practices and ideas of the modern states originated from colonial world. Practices that were used during the colonial period have been reflected in the modern states even though they were adopted as a conscious response to the perceived novelty of extra-European expansion. However, this argument has been challenged in many ways such as the need to incorporate extra-European dynamics in arguing the case and the challenges that may be faced in applying the European experience to other parts of the world. It can be argued that European influence in state building cannot be ignored because Europe greatly dominated the world and therefore it was easy for them to impose either directly or indirectly their own ideas of state building. Process of colonial reflection

Assignment Essay Essay Example for Free

Assignment Essay Essay Sustainable tourism is being able to the deliver positive environmental, social, and economical results with thought to the needs of the visitors, host community and surroundings. Sustainability as defined in the Brundtland commission report it states as â€Å"meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generations to meet their needs†. For example, the small business are starting to practices sustainability principles by changing to renewable energy sources, reducing use of paper and recycling more. As a result, the concept of sustainability addresses the aspects of â€Å"triple bottom line† meaning the balance of societies, economy and the environment are described by (Bonevac, 2010). According to the World Tourism Organization, â€Å"sustainable tourism means meeting the needs of the present tourist and host regions while protecting and enhancing the opportunity for the future†. Instead of just being a product, sustainable tourism is a philosophy that underpins all tourism actions (Owens, Is there a Meaningful Definition of Sustainability? , 2003). To all tourism development and management, it is a fundamental concept instead of being an add-on factor. The foremost aim of sustainable tourism is to maintain the economic and social return of tourism development while reducing or justifying the unattractive impacts on the natural, historic, cultural or social environment (Governemnt, 2009). The stated objectives attained by matching the needs of tourists with those of the destination. Sustainable tourism is an industry, which challenges to make a little impact on the environment and the local culture, though helping to produce income, employment and the preservation of local ecology. Hence, responsible tourism is both cost-effectively and culturally responsive, meaning have minimum impact on the environment and culture of the host community (Group, 2007). Scotland Tourism Organization has defined sustainable tourism as â€Å"tourism committed to generating a low impact on the surrounding environment and community by acting responsibly while generating income and employment for the local economy and aiding social cohesion† (Organisation v. s. , 2013). Scotland Sustainable tourism aspires to guarantee that economic development in terms of encouraging experience for each one involved local community, Tourism Companies and visitors. In practice, sustainable tourism means greener transport, given that transport is innermost to tourism; however it also put pressure on our natural resources and contributes to our worldwide environment impacts. Procedures like cheering visitors to utilize communal transport, and advance in cleaner forms of transport will assist in this area (Organisation v. . , 2013). Regular and environmental strains a more even stretch of visitors lessens pressures on the natural and built environment and on communities, and capitalizes on the financial payback. Scotland Tourism Organization modifies its advertising drive to persuade a stretch of visitors throughout the year and around state (Organisation v. s. , 2013). For example, â€Å"surprise yourself†. There is necessary to work with the public, private and independent sectors to determine the environmental and social impacts of tourism. These guarantees that tourism expansion carries a encouraging experience for home people, tourism companies and the tourist themselves (Organisation v. s. , 2013). Green accommodation is one in that all room offers lessens their misuse, energy and water use. The green Tourism Business Scheme persuades businesses to trim down their environmental impacts. The scheme is one of the largest of its land in Europe with over 800 Scottish members (Organisation v. s. , 2013). However, any tourism industry can take advantage from flattering more sustainable through safeguarding the very features on which tourism depends; taking a sustainable move to tourism expansion is the only way to guarantee long-term tourism expansion in the South Pacific (Organisation v. s. , 2013). The success of tourism in any country depends on taking care of the environmental or social impacts of tourism development. The visitors benefit from sustainable move to tourism throughout from enhanced relates with local communities, a tall value tourism experiences and a natural and fabricated environment. Thus, by fetching a sustainable tourism destination will provide the South Pacific Tourism Businesses a cutthroat frame by producing community assistance for tourism; attaining value savings and designing innovative marketing prospect. As the tourism industry develop in as many regions and countries, it generates noteworthy impact on the consumption pattern, natural resources, pollution and social systems (Organisation v. s. , 2013). For the industry to survive as a whole it is vital to understand and interpret the need sustainable and responsible planning and management. To begin with, education and collaborative partnership are approaches that can assist destinations attain more sustainable tourism. The whole idea of sustainability based on the association through environmental, ecologically and socially responsible tourism. Partnerships with local communities through rural community gathering before and during development are needed in order to let alone the frequent divergence between conservation initiatives and traditional resources users (Billington, Carter, Kayamba, 2008). The departments from the government can collaborate with the resource owners to develops and negotiate over the investment on proposal (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). For example, the Chumbe Island Coral Park is a good example of collaborate partnership, which was developed to sustain the natural beauty and attractions of the island (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). Chumbe Island is located in the Indian Ocean channel of the coast of the semi autonomous region of Zanzibar (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). The person responsible for the project on the natural park at Chumbe Island was (David, 2011). During her work life, (David, 2011) experience the need for the conservation and sustaining of the natural flora and fauna. (David, 2011) developed an innovative approach to protect marine conservation combined with tourism development through the sustainable and multilevel partnership approach to promote successful marine park management, awareness of marine conservation and sustainable tourism management. David, 2011) Develop a small marine park that would help consume a unspoiled coral reef, offer environmental education for both the locals and the foreign visitors and generate management fund through authentic ecotourism. Thus, the need for the park at Chumbe Island arose due to improper aid and the government in the country noted conservation programs. Hence, the collaborative partnership arose to sustain the nature conservation of Tanzania for the future (English National Park Authori ties Association, 2009). Secondly, the partnership approach deals with the local communities because they are the essential people who are the resource owners (Governemnt, 2009). Engaging the local community in the environmental education on sustainability through workshops and seminars will increase their concerns for the global issues such as climate change (Clark, 2013). In addition, collaboration with NGO has to hold workshops with the angler’s, to engage them in sustainable fishing practices and conservation of the resources (David, 2011). Thus, the young and the old generation in the area is to be informed about sustainable fishing practices, laws and regulation regarding fishing practices and marine conservation area and the benefits of marine protected areas (Ki-Hoon Ball, 2003). All this environmental awareness, education and training initiative with the community are to provide skill development on sustainable tourism (Group, 2007). The scale of growth of the tourism industry In the South Pacific is rapidly and that the environmental and social, economic impacts of it cannot be overlooked (Azam Sarker, 2011). This has caused the Pacific Region to find ways in which the industries could be made more sustainable. The industry is more sustainable through minimizing resource use and waste production (Othman, 2004). For the sustainability of tourism, water is the major issue for concern. For example, a tourist in a hotels uses on standard one third of more water per day than a local inhabitant uses and put severe restriction on local supply (Othman, 2004). Activities such as golf course, artificial snow ski’ resorts are in demand of water. For small and medium sized business, sustainability thought of an expensive and difficult idea (Billington, Carter, Kayamba, 2008). Most of the dominating tourism industries in the South Pacific have not actively engaged in government activities that encourages that adoption of sustainability practices (David, 2011). There are a number of barriers identified by the researchers that hinds implementing sustainability practices in South Pacific tourism businesses including the financial crisis for implementation, the labor insecurity of being certified, lack of government and industry support the technical nature of information forums. Hence are a number of actions businesses could undertake to improve environmental performance (Azam Sarker, 2011). Activities’ relating to efficient resources use and waste management includes minimizing energy consumption, for example using open ventilation instead of air-conditioning and heaters encouraging the use of renewable sources and improved technology also Getting involved in accreditation programs (Owens, Is there a Meaningful Definition of Sustainability? 2003). There is a need to promote and facilitate the reduction, reuse and recycling of materials and water quality including the efficient treatment of sewerage, avoiding discharge into marine and rivers (Organisation, 2005). For example, in Australia the Australian formula 1 ING grand Prix Corporation, which works with environmental packaging and waste recycling partner to minimize the impact of the race on the environment? Billington, Carter, Kayamba, 2008) Thus, by minimizing waste use, energy use and waste production, businesses can reduce their impact on the environment and achieve cost savings (Ki-Hoon Ball, 2003). Furthermore, the conserving and giving value to natural and cultural heritage is of critical importance’s, in order to enhance the quality of life of local communities through tourism, and connect the people in is scheduling and management (Organisation, 2005). The growing awareness’s and generating direct and indirect support for conservation is the key role played by the tourism industry (Group, 2007). The generation of economic propensity for the tourism industry is to provide with quality natural and cultural heritage (Azam Sarker, 2011). This would ensure the long-term competitiveness, viability and the prosperity of tourism enterprises and destinations and the quality of life of local communities and to the visitor experience by providing a safe, satisfying and fulfilling experience to the visitors available to all without discrimination by gender, race, religion, disability or in other ways (Organisation, 2005). Areas that are of importance to tourism natural and cultural includes the natural landscapes quality and variety, man-made cultural landscapes, heritage and historic sites, the flora and fauna diversity, local uniqueness such as art, crafts, cuisine, language events and festivals (Organisation, 2005). Thus, to address these issues listed above relevant action like being more prepared to use the tourism argument as to fund the prevention of nature and culture and to prevent damaging change (Clark, 2013). Also strengthening the relationship between protected area and local tourism interest, within the context of a sustainable tourism strategy and action plan would lead the South Pacific to be more sustainable (Organisation v. s. , 2013). Sustainable development is holistic in nature; therefore, it requires management of policies and coordination of action between sectors (Othman, 2004). To control the impact of tourism initiated by environmental or developmental strategies and policies legislation and regulations are necessary (Governemnt, 2009). Appropriate strategies or sets of policies for specific aspects of tourism were developed. For example, in Bulgaria the separate strategy for ecotourism, which reflects the sustainability principles? (Bonevac, 2010) This initiative can also be taken by the local Ministry of Environment of Tourism to integrate the strategy in terms of regulations (David, 2011). In coordinating and ensuring success of this specific sub-sector, such regulations and legislations can be very helpful. This can be very helpful in demonstrating processes and formulating policies that could be modified more widely in tourism (Ki-Hoon Ball, 2003). Strategy and policies must be developed and implemented at both local and national level in order to achieve effective result. Most countries in the South Pacific are in the process of decentralizing their political and administrative structures so local decision-making is the vital aspect toward sustainability development (English National Park Authorities Association, 2009). An integrated approach to the development and management of tourism is within local destinations, is recognized as the most successful direction to sustainable tourism (Governemnt, 2009). Thus, it is vital for the national and local strategies to be corresponding but these two variable in tourism strategies vary in terms of national tourism strategies relates to the national tourism vision of the overall position and direction (Organisation v. s. , 2013). While local tourism strategies relates to the holistic of the local destinations in areas such as local objectives and priorities, local resource opportunity and constraints and many more (David, 2011). Hence, the identifying of policies and instruments to create the enabling environment for sustainable tourism is more of national strategy while the determining of what happens on ground is more of local strategies (Governemnt, 2009). Both the national and local tourism strategies are required for sustainable tourism to embrace the principles of sustainable development and both strategies are reliable and commonly reinforcing (Othman, 2004). Finally, the command control instrument allows government to exert strict control over certain aspects of development and operation, backed by legislation (Organisation, 2005). Legislation, regulation and licensing are the interdependent tools that can be used to strengthen sustainability by setting out requirements that are compulsory and enforceable and which lead to sanctions and penalties if they not met (Billington, Carter, Kayamba, 2008). The process of checking and signaling compliance with regulations or otherwise identified obligatory standards; assigning permission to operate is called licensing (Organisation, 2005). To control aspects of business development and operations and to influence people’s behavior government are in a position to apply laws, regulations and penalties. These legislation and regulations must be applied when the governments believes that it is necessary to do so (Governemnt, 2009). Thus, for regulations to be successful, it has to be relevant, clear, practicable in terms of compliance and capable of being enforced. In order the tourism industry to be more sustainable the laws and legislations should enable and support the sustainability of tourism and give authority to act (Billington, Carter, Kayamba, 2008). It should also seek to raise sustainability performance above such standards through other means, which would also stimulate personal commitment towards continual improvement. For example, in the government of Fiji builds up a (EIA) environmental Impact Assessment regulation, which stated that for any company or hotel with an EIA reports in Fiji, has to provide the Fiji Government with an EIA report of the development to progress (Turnbull, 2003). There are a number of areas in which laws and regulations can be implemented to attain more sustainable tourism industry and that includes operation, management and development which are controlled by this legislation to protect the environment, communities, culture and heritage, visitor experience and the business as a whole (Turnbull, 2003). The purpose of government intervention in the sector as law provides a vehicle for underpinning sustainability. These legislations can also provide the basis for enabling the control and licensing of activities specific to the tourism sector and for the undertaking to certain action to support tourism development (Organisation v. s. , 2013). To conclude, sustainable tourism is all about forecasting of long-term, working together examining on results and adaptive to change and the most effective thing is communication to put across the message of sustainable tourism. It is the duty of the private, public and independent sector to acquire leadership role in tackle the challenge of this sector. The degree at which the tourism industry is increasing in the South Pacific forecasts that the environmental and social impacts of tourism cannot be disregarded. Traditionally, a number of sustainable tourism activities has been carried out and is supported by the national Tourism Organization of the South Pacific countries. However, there are a number of challenges that still stay alive and need attention in order to be more sustainable tourism industry, like climate change. In order to tackle these challenges and grip future sustainable opportunities in a harmonized manner, research and development done in these South Pacific countries to handle these issues through sustainable tourism strategy plan. The tourism strategies plans would assist the tourism industry to change unenthusiastic community discernment of the industry and achieve economic benefits through sustainable practices. It believed that it would egg on business to hold sustainable tourism practices in order to meet consumers demand and to improve business performance. Sustainable tourism should be broadcasted and celebrated amongst tourists, host communities and the participants in the industry move the industry toward sustainability. Nevertheless, the commitment to change and improve must be authentic and supported on well-established procedures and actions that is to be achieved.